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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 11:22 pm
Time: 11:22 pm
Results for labor market
5 results foundAuthor: Smith, Sandra Susan Title: Searching for Work with a Criminal Record Summary: To date, researchers have been very attentive to how the stigma of criminality informs employers’ hiring decisions, and, in the process, diminishes ex-offenders’ employment opportunities. Few, however, have investigated the extent to which the mark of a criminal record also shapes ex-offenders’ search strategies in ways that might either attenuate or amplify ex-offender effects. We fill this gap in the literature by investigating how arrest and conviction influence the search strategies that employed and unemployed job-seekers deploy to find work. Analysis of NLSY97 reveals that much of the disadvantage of penal contact comes with arrest, not conviction. Compared to non-arrestees, arrestees are less likely to search through friends and relatives, labor market intermediaries, and go-it-alone strategies. Lower odds of search across methods likely signify the disillusionment that these job-seekers feel after early attempts to find work fail. Further analysis reveals, however, that arrestees’ employment disadvantages are specific to their use of two methods. Go-it-alone strategies reduce arrestees’ odds that a search will end successfully (with a job), and network search significantly lengthens search duration. But labor market intermediation emerges as an equalizing force, moderating the effect of ex-offender status on employment outcomes. Significantly, too, race and gender mediate the relationships between search methods and search outcomes, highlighting how these axes of difference also help to structure ex-offenders’ labor market experiences. Details: Berkeley, CA: Department of Sociology University of California, Berkeley, 2012. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed July 24, 2012 at: http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/csls/SmithSandraSEARCHING_WORKwith_CRIMINAL_RECORD-Jan_2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/csls/SmithSandraSEARCHING_WORKwith_CRIMINAL_RECORD-Jan_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 125753 Keywords: Ex-Convict, EmploymentEx-Offender, EmploymentLabor Market |
Author: Abrahamn, Vinoj Title: The Deteriorating Labour Market Conditions and Crime: An Analysis of Indian States during 2001-2008 Summary: Incidence of crime in India has been mounting at a fast pace , especially during the last decade. Moreover, crime on body seems to be increasing in comparison to crime on property. Economics and Sociology literature on crime attributes labour market as a transmitting institution for crime. This paper is an attempt to understand the issue of crime in India as a socio-economic problem with particular reference to the Indian labour market. I argue that the poor labour market conditions in the Indian economy that has been developing in the recent past may be a prime factor in explaining the spate of rise in crime rates recently. Panel data analysis of Indian states during the period 2001- 2008 show that unemployment and wage inequality are key variables that explains the crime rate in India, especially crime on body. Education similarly seems to reduce property crime rate. Crime also seem to be deterred by an efficient judicial delivery system, however the role of police as a deterrent is ambiguous. Details: Kerala, India: Centre for Development Studies, 2011. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: MPRA Paper No. 31387: Accessed July 24, 2012 at: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31387/2/MPRA_paper_31387.pdf Year: 2011 Country: India URL: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31387/2/MPRA_paper_31387.pdf Shelf Number: 125759 Keywords: Crime RatesEconomic ConditionsEmploymentLabor MarketProperty CrimesUnemployment and Crime (India) |
Author: Raphael, Steven Title: The New Scarlet Letter? Negotiating the U.S. Labor Market with a Criminal Record Summary: The numbers are eye-opening. In 2007, on any given day, 2.2 percent of all males in the United States were incarcerated, including 7.9 percent of all black males. Some 2.6 percent of white males , 7.7 percent of Hispanic males, and 16.6 percent of black males have spent time in state or federal prison at some point in their lives. And for a male child born in 2001, the likelihood of going to prison is 5.9 percent for whites, 17.2 percent for Hispanics, and a whopping 32.2 percent for blacks. Of those who spend time in prison, the overwhelming majority will be released back into society, thereby becoming potential participants in the U.S. labor market. But the barriers they confront as they try to gain employment are substantial: they face the lack of public assistance, poor employment prospects, the reluctance of employers to hire ex-convicts because of liability issues, and the stigma associated with being an ex-convict. This has policymakers focused on ways to facilitate reentry into the labor market for this growing population. Steven Raphael provides a concise overview of this issue. First, he studies the factors that influence the market's supply and demand sides. Next, he presents an empirical portrait of the inmate population, recently released inmates, and the youth who eventually enter the prison system as young adults. Raphael reviews what is known about how employers use criminal histories in screening job applicants and the empirical research on the effects of a criminal record on labor market outcomes; he then describes programs designed to help inmates enter the labor force that show positive results. Raphael concludes with a set of policy recommendations aimed at addressing the concerns of employers and preparing inmates for the labor force as they exit the prison system. Details: Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2014. 117p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 17, 2014 at: http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1244&context=up_press Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1244&context=up_press Shelf Number: 132491 Keywords: Ex-Offender EmploymentLabor MarketReentry |
Author: Ramakers, Anke Antonia Theodora Title: Barred from employment? A study of labor market prospects before and after imprisonment Summary: Practically all prisoners eventually return to free society. Considering their high rates of subsequent recidivism, more insight into post-prison circumstances is vital. Such knowledge is scarce, and it also remained unclear thus far to what extent imprisonment caused these individuals to lose their integration with the community. Scholars, professionals and prisoners themselves note that the path to a successful reentry critically depends on the transition to employment. Yet, imprisonment bars offenders from employment during imprisonment and might also limit their post-prison employment prospects. Using data of the Prison Project - a longitudinal study of almost 2,000 prisoners - this thesis examines men's labor market experiences before and after imprisonment and studies whether recidivism risks are lower among employed versus unemployed ex-prisoners. The results show that most prisoners face a severe human capital deficit even long before they enter prison. After release many remain unable to (re)integrate into the labor market. Only longer spells (exceeding six months) seem to further deteriorate the already poor employment prospects. Among working ex-prisoners, those who are able to return to a previous employer or hold down their job during the first half year following release recidivate significantly less. Details: Leiden: Universiteit Leiden, 2014. 217p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed August 5, 2017 at: https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/26890/Barred_from_employment_proefschrift_Anke_Ramakers.pdf?sequence=14 Year: 2014 Country: Netherlands URL: https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/26890/Barred_from_employment_proefschrift_Anke_Ramakers.pdf?sequence=14 Shelf Number: 146742 Keywords: Employment Ex-offender Employment Jobs Labor MarketPrisoner Reentry |
Author: Deiana, Claudio Title: The US Opioid Epidemic: Prescription Opioids, Labour Market Conditions and Crime Summary: In response to the recent opioid crisis, US states have implemented several policies to reduce the dispensing of opioids and contain drug mortality. We analyse the effectiveness of these laws and their unintended fallouts on labour participation and crime at the local level. Using multiple data sources and a difference-in-difference set-up, we show that the laws targeting the supply for opioids yield larger reductions in prescribed drugs compared to the demand-side policies, particularly in the absence of cross-bordering effects. We observe an improvement in labour market participation and higher crime rates following the enforcement of some of the policies considered. Details: Munich: Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 2018. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: MPRA Paper No. 85712: Accessed August 14, 2018 at: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/85712/1/MPRA_paper_85712.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/85712/1/MPRA_paper_85712.pdf Shelf Number: 151130 Keywords: Drugs and Crime Labor marketOpioid Epidemic Opioids Prescription Drug Abuse |